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<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> nankali
[mailto:h-nankali@ncc.neda.net.ir] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, July 30, 2007 3:25
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> 'Riad.Hassani@univ-savoie.fr'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> FW: [Gmsh] Two bodies in
contact</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
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size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> nankali
[mailto:<st1:PersonName w:st="on">h-nankali@ncc.neda.net.ir</st1:PersonName>] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, July 30, 2007 3:13
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> 'riad hassani'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [Gmsh] Two bodies in
contact</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Hi again <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Thanks for your description to me ,I want
to use the numerical modeling for the lithosphere deformation , and I
need some guidelines for this task<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Would you please help me ?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>What is the role of gravity , it must
be apply before the model run , I mean that first compress the model and
then run the model with boundary condition?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>What is the solution analysis (transient or
static) ? how can we determine the time step size and load step ?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Is for the lithosphere the element size
important in horizontal and vertical direction?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>If we want to do thermal analysis , and our
model is consist of 3 blocks(volumes) ,so what about the heat generation
rate , it must be applied on the area of volume or it must be apply on the each
volume separately ? do you have an example with figures?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>How do we find the
Transition from elastic to viscoelastic in the model results?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Tell me how can I apply
the Euler pole to the model?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> how can I consider
the effect of topography with free air gravity anomaly? And also for the
sediment? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Best Regard<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>hamid<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-left:18.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
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size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> riad
hassani [mailto:<st1:PersonName w:st="on">Riad.Hassani@univ-savoie.fr</st1:PersonName>]
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, July 30, 2007 1:36
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> nankali<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Gmsh] Two bodies in
contact</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Hello,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>you can view a Winkler condition like the action done
by a spring, i.e. a force proportional to the normal displacement in the foundation.
In geodynamics applications where a lithosphere overlies a fluid asthenosphere,
this force is simply du to the pressure force exerted by the asthenosphere on
the lithosphere. Thus, you have to considere a normal stress boundary condition
on the base of the lithosphere : <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>sigma_nn = Pa <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>where Pa is the pressure in the asthenosphere. This
pressure is Pa(z') = rho*g*z' (in the simple case of an
incompressible fluid) where z' is the distance to the hydrostatic
level zh (the depth where Pa = 0) : z' = zh - z. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Knowing the initial configuration (assumed in an
isostatic equilibrium), you can compute zh by the hydrostatic law : Pa(zh-zb) =
pmax <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>with zb the depth of the lithosphere bottom where the
pressure (in the lithosphere) is pmax. You find zh = zb + (pmax/rho*g).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>In a finite elements context, you have to compute at
each time step the boundary integral over the base of the lithosphere:
integral(n*Pa*N_i) where N_i is the shape function of the node i, n is the unit
normal vector. To implement this, there are two ways depending on your time
discretization scheme: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>- explicit manner: you compute Pa(z') using the node
positions at the preceding time step. The resulting integral is added to the
nodal force of node i<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>- implicit method: z' is an unknown since it depends
on the current position. Writting z' in term of displacements, the
corresponding integral is added to the stiffness matrix.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>R. Hassani<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Le 30 juil. 07 à 06:42, nankali a écrit :<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><span style='border-spacing: 0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></span></p>
</span>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center dir=LTR style='text-align:center'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:black'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b></span><span
class=apple-style-span><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'> nankali [<a
href="mailto:h-nankali@ncc.neda.net.ir">mailto:h-nankali@ncc.neda.net.ir</a>] </span></font></span><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'><br>
<span class=apple-style-span><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b>
Monday, July 30, 2007 9:11 AM</span><br>
<span class=apple-style-span><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> '<a
href="mailto:gmsh@geuz.org">gmsh@geuz.org</a>'</span><br>
<span class=apple-style-span><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b>
[Gmsh] Two bodies in contact</span></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> Dear Dr
Hassani<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>I saw many
article from you about the numerical modeling , I want to know how to apply the
wrinkler force in the base of the lithosphere?<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto'><span class=apple-style-span><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>hamid<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div><span style='border-spacing: 0px 0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px 0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Riad Hassani<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Laboratoire de
Géophysique Interne et de Tectonophysique<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Campus scientifique<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Université de Savoie<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>73376 Le Bourget du
Lac, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Cedex</st1:City>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">France</st1:country-region></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Tel : (33) 4 79 75 87
96<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal dir=LTR><font size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Fax : (33) 4 79 75 94
06<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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